Class 10 science syllabus 2021-22
Class 10 is a pivotal milestone in a student’s academic journey as it not only determines their performance in the board exams but also plays a crucial role in shaping their future academic path. The marks obtained in the CBSE Class 10 board exam hold significant importance as they aid students in making informed decisions regarding their desired streams for higher studies.
It is therefore imperative for every student to adopt effective study strategies and strive to achieve excellent results in the CBSE Class 10 board exam.
Chapter-wise CBSE Class 10 Science Notes
Class 10 science comprises significant chapters from NCERT textbooks such as Chemical Reactions and Equations, Electricity, Magnetic Effects of Electric Current, Acids Bases and Salts, Control and Coordination, Reflection and Refraction of Light, Carbon and its Compounds, and so on.
| CBSE Class 10 Science Notes |
| Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions and Equations |
| Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts |
| Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals |
| Chapter 4 – Carbon and Its Compounds |
| Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification of Elements |
| Chapter 6 – Life Processes |
| Chapter 7 – Control and Coordination |
| Chapter 8 – How do Organisms Reproduce? |
| Chapter 9 – Heredity and Evolution |
| Chapter 10 – Light Reflection and Refraction |
| Chapter 11 – Human Eye and Colourful World |
| Chapter 12 – Electricity |
| Chapter 13 – Magnetic Effects of Electric Current |
| Chapter 14 – Sources of Energy |
| Chapter 15 – Our Environment |
| Chapter 16 – Sustainable Management of Natural Resources |
Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions and Equations
Science serves as a means to understand the composition of the world around us. Within this realm, chemical reactions play a crucial role in explaining various processes that occur in our surroundings. These reactions provide valuable insights into the molecular interactions and transformations that take place, ranging from phenomena like rusting to decomposition.
Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts
Matter encompasses all entities that occupy space and possess mass. It encompasses everything we encounter in our environment. The vast structures we see, the electrons revolving around a nucleus, the DNA within our cells, the air we breathe, and the land beneath our feet—all of these consist of matter. Matter is composed of particles, namely atoms and molecules. Depending on their physical state, matter can be classified into three main categories: solids, liquids, and gases.
Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals
Alloys are homogeneous mixtures composed of a metal combined with other metals or nonmetals. The formation of alloys enhances desirable properties such as hardness, tensile strength, and resistance to corrosion. Examples of alloys include brass (copper and zinc), bronze (copper and tin), solder (lead and tin), and amalgam (mercury and other metals).
Chapter 4 – Carbon and Its Compounds
When soap is introduced to water, soap molecules arrange themselves in a unique manner, forming spherical micelles.
Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification of Elements
Dobereiner, in his work, arranged elements with similar properties into groups of three called triads, based on increasing atomic masses. He observed that the atomic mass of the middle element was approximately the arithmetic mean of the other two. However, Dobereiner could identify only three such triads from the elements known at that time.
Chapter 6 – Life Processes
The maintenance of living organisms is crucial, regardless of whether they are in motion, at rest, or even asleep. The collective processes responsible for sustaining “life” are referred to as life processes.
Nutrition, respiration, circulation, and excretion are examples of essential life processes. In unicellular organisms, all these processes are carried out by a single cell. In multicellular organisms, well-developed systems exist to carry out these processes.
Chapter 7 – Control and Coordination
Organisms exhibit movement in response to various stimuli such as light, heat, and nutrients/food.
The nervous and endocrine systems play a vital role in controlling and coordinating all activities in animals.
Hormones, which are chemical messengers, aid the nervous system in carrying out diverse functions. They are produced and secreted by endocrine glands.
In plants, hormones are responsible for coordinating movements.
Chapter 8 – How do Organisms Reproduce?
Reproduction is the biological process through which an organism produces offspring that are biologically similar to the parent. It ensures the continuity of species, generation after generation, and is a fundamental characteristic of life on Earth.
Chapter 9 – Heredity and Evolution
Heredity refers to the process by which the traits of an organism are passed down from one generation to the next.
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Evolution encompasses the observable changes in the heritable characteristics of a population over multiple generations. These changes can result in the emergence of new species or the adaptation of existing species to their environment.
Chapter 10 – Light Reflection and Refraction
Light, as a form of energy, enables us to perceive our surroundings. It originates from a source and interacts with objects, causing it to bounce off and enter our eyes. Our brain then processes these signals, allowing us to see the world around us.
Chapter 11 – Human Eye and Colorful World
The human eye, our most valuable and sensitive sense organ, enables us to perceive the beauty and vibrant colors of the world. It functions akin to a camera, capturing images and transmitting them to our brain. With the gift of two eyes, we possess a wider field of view, enhancing our visual experiences.
Chapter 12 – Electricity
An atom consists of a positively charged nucleus orbited by negatively charged electrons. In the case of metals, valence electrons are loosely bound and capable of freely moving within the conductor, thereby facilitating the flow of electric current.
Chapter 13 – Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
A magnet is a material capable of generating a magnetic field that can attract or repel other materials with magnetic properties.
Lodestone is a naturally occurring magnet that exhibits magnetic properties. It has the ability to attract materials such as iron, nickel, cobalt, and others.
Chapter 14 – Sources of Energy
Energy refers to the capacity to perform work or the total power derived from our natural resources. Energy exists in various forms and can be converted from one form to another. However, during the conversion process, some energy is inevitably dissipated into the surroundings, resulting in less usable forms.
Energy primarily originates from natural sources such as the sun, oceans, fossil fuels, wind, etc., and can be harnessed and transformed into electrical energy that we utilize for our daily needs and benefits.
Chapter 15 – Our Environment
Abiotic Components
These are the non-living chemical and physical components of the environment, including soil, air, water, temperature, and other similar factors.
Biotic Components
These are the living organisms present in the environment, such as plants, animals, microbes, and fungi.
Ecosystem
An ecosystem encompasses both biotic and abiotic components. It refers to a specific area where all living organisms, including plants, animals, and organisms, interact with one another and with their non-living surroundings, such as weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, and atmosphere.
Chapter 16 – Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
The following reasons highlight the importance of managing natural resources sustainably:
- Maintaining Ecosystem Balance: Sustainable management of natural resources helps to preserve the balance within ecosystems, ensuring the well-being of both living organisms and their environment.
- Preventing Environmental Destruction: By managing natural resources responsibly, we can prevent further damage to the environment and minimize negative impacts on ecosystems.
- Avoiding Over-Consumption: Sustainable management ensures that natural resources are used wisely, preventing their over-consumption and ensuring their availability for future generations.
CBSE Notes for Class 10 Science Free Download for All Chapters
Download PDF of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
CBSE Class 10 Syllabus and deleted portion for 2020-2021
Check subject-wise details of the deducted portion of CBSE Class 9 syllabus from the following links:
More Reference Links –
Other National and International Level Olympiads
| AI Olympiad | International Artificial Intelligence Olympiad 2020-21 |
| Coding Olympiad | International Coding Olympiad 2020-21 |
| IMO | International Maths Olympiad 2020-21 |
| ISO | International Science Olympiad 2020-21 |
| KVPY | Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana |
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